POLIOMYELITIS VACCINES Meaning and
Definition
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Poliomyelitis vaccines, also known as polio vaccines, refer to immunizations that protect against the infectious and debilitating disease called poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is caused by the poliovirus, which primarily affects the nervous system, leading to muscle weakness and, in severe cases, paralysis.
Poliomyelitis vaccines are designed to stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies that provide protection against polio. They are usually administered through injection or through oral drops or a sugar cube taken by mouth, depending on the type of vaccine. There are two main poliomyelitis vaccines:
1. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV): This is an injectable vaccine made from inactivated, or "killed," poliovirus. IPV consists of the three types of poliovirus strains, offering immunity against all of them. It is the primary vaccine used in most parts of the world today due to its high safety profile.
2. Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV): This vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine that contains weakened strains of the poliovirus. It is usually administered through oral drops or on a sugar cube. OPV has been highly effective and has been instrumental in reducing polio cases globally, as it provides not only direct protection to vaccinated individuals but also helps interrupt transmission by creating immunity in the intestine.
Both IPV and OPV are essential components of polio eradication efforts undertaken by international health organizations. By achieving global polio immunization coverage, poliomyelitis vaccines have played a pivotal role in reducing polio cases worldwide and getting closer to the ultimate goal of eradicating this devastating disease.
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Etymology of POLIOMYELITIS VACCINES
The word "poliomyelitis" is derived from the Greek words "polio" meaning "gray" and "myelos" meaning "marrow" or "spinal cord". "Itis" is a suffix in medicine used to denote inflammation. Therefore, "poliomyelitis" refers to the inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
The term "vaccine" has its origins in Latin, from the word "vaccinus" which means "from cows". It is derived from the word "vacca" meaning "cow" because the first vaccine, developed by Edward Jenner in the 18th century, was derived from cowpox.
So, the etymology of "poliomyelitis vaccines" combines the Greek term for inflammation of the spinal cord with the Latin term for a substance derived from cows to prevent the disease.
